超高速干气密封扰流效应及抑扰机制

干气密封在高速时优异的动压性能使其应用范围从传统的压缩机、离心机等中高速设备逐渐扩大到航空发动机、（微型）燃气轮机等超高速设备中。基于实际超高速工况特点，对转速范围为10 000~120 000 r/min时的干气密封性能进行了系统性仿真计算，结果发现：在一定几何参数和工况参数下，类似于气浮轴承的微振动现象，干气密封会出现疑似受气体压力波动流影响的开启力、泄漏量与转速非正相关变化的扰流现象，尤其在高压、大膜厚、小槽深时的扰流效应愈加显著；在转速持续增大过程中，干气密封微尺度流场会出现二次拐点现象，且一次拐点发生转速与设计参数有关，而二次拐点发生转速基本约为90 000 r/min。同时结合导流织构的设计思路，进一步研究了超高速下干气密封槽底导流织构的驱动导流效应，结果表明：加设导流织构后，承载效果明显提高，拐点发生工况延后且压力波动区域被压缩。表明导流织构具有良好的抑制扰流、维持开启力与转速持续正相关的作用，在此基础上，进一步阐释了导流织构的抑扰机制，以期为突破干气密封在超高速工况下的应用壁垒提供新思路。     

不同转速下自循环机匣处理对转子性能的影响

以NASA Rotor 37为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法研究了自循环机匣处理的引气位置在不同转速下对转子性能的影响。研究结果表明:自循环机匣处理的引气位置和转子转速对转子性能的影响具有交互性,其本质原因在于转子在不同转速下处于近失速状态时,转子叶顶区域的流动状态不同,从而造成引气位置和叶顶堵塞区域的相对位置会随着转子转速的变化而变化,进而对转子的性能影响呈现出交互性。通过对三种转速下自循环机匣处理的引气位置对转子稳定性的影响分析知,引气位置位于转子叶顶堵塞区尾缘处时对转子叶顶区的流动堵塞抑制能力最强,极大地改善了转子叶顶区域的流通状况,对转子的失速裕度改进量最为有利,在100%、90%和70%设计转速下,失速裕度改进量的最大值分别为7.46%、8.52%、6.14%。此外,通过对转子叶顶的流场细节分析得知,不同转速下自循环机匣处理的引气位置位于转子近失速工况的叶顶堵塞区尾缘处时，在叶顶造成的高比熵区最少,对转子效率的降低幅度最小,于效率最为有利。      

小攻角高超声速钝锥边界层内扰动演化的数值模拟

首先从有限差分格式出发,给出了基本无振荡的高阶激波捕捉格式,然后,采用数值模拟方法对马赫数为6的2°攻角高超声速钝锥边界层的稳定性进行了研究。计算发现,由于攻角的存在,钝锥的稳定性特征与零攻角时有本质的差别,比如背风面的扰动比迎风面增长更快,但扰动增长最慢的地方并不是迎风面,而是侧面的某个位置;又比如背风面主要是长波起作用,迎风面和侧面主要是短波起作用;斜模式不稳定在整个钝锥边界层中起最主要作用。     

Aerodynamic optimization design for high pressure turbines based on the adjoint approach

A first study on the continuous adjoint formulation for aerodynamic optimization design of high pressure turbines based on S2surface governed by the Euler equations with source terms is presented.The objective function is defined as an integral function along the boundaries,and the adjoint equations and the boundary conditions are derived by introducing the adjoint variable vectors.The gradient expression of the objective function then includes only the terms related to physical shape variations.The numerical solution of the adjoint equation is conducted by a finitedifference method with the Jameson spatial scheme employing the first and the third order dissipative fluxes.A gradient-based aerodynamic optimization system is established by integrating the blade stagger angles,the stacking lines and the passage perturbation parameterization with the quasi-Newton method of Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno(BFGS).The application of the continuous adjoint method is validated through a single stage high pressure turbine optimization case.The adiabatic efficiency increases from 0.8875 to 0.8931,whilst the mass flow rate and the pressure ratio remain almost unchanged.The optimization design is shown to reduce the passage vortex loss as well as the mixing loss due to the cooling air injection.     

涡扇发动机故障诊断硬件在回路实时仿真平台

硬件在回路仿真是发动机故障诊断算法由理论转向实际工程应用的重要阶段,但目前航空发动机故障诊断算法的研究多数处于软件数字仿真阶段。构建民用涡扇发动机故障诊断算法硬件在回路实时仿真验证平台,开发考虑健康退化的民用涡扇发动机多维调度分段线性化模型,分析并模拟仿真民用涡扇发动机的四类典型常见故障。经过对相关诊断算法进行实验验证,表明该平台及使用的模型和方法都是行之有效的,具有一定的工程使用价值。     

Carbon dioxide removal system for closed loop atmosphere revitalization,candidate sorbents screening and test results

Due to the difficulty and expense it costs to resupply manned-spacecraft habitats, a goal is to create a closed loop atmosphere revitalization system, in which precious commodities such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water are continuously recycled. Our aim is to test other sorbents for their capacity for future spacecraft missions, such as on the Orion spacecraft, or possibly lunar or Mars mission habitats to see if they would be better than the zeolite sorbents on the 4-bed molecular sieve. Some of the materials being tested are currently used for other industry applications. Studying these sorbents for their specific spacecraft application is different from that for applications on earth because in space, there are certain power, mass, and volume limitations that are not as critical on Earth. In manned-spaceflight missions, the sorbents are exposed to a much lower volume fraction of CO₂ (0.6% volume CO₂) than on Earth.LiLSX was tested for its CO₂ capacity in an atmosphere like that of the ISS. Breakthrough tests were run to establish the capacities of these materials at a partial pressure of CO₂ that is seen on the ISS. This paper discusses experimental results from benchmark materials, such as results previously obtained from tests on Grade 522, and the forementioned candidate materials for the Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) system.     

Development of hall thruster propulsion system for STSAT-3 application

Science and technology satellite-3 (STSAT-3) is being developed and is scheduled for launch in 2011. One of the primary objectives of its mission is to verify the performance of a hall thruster propulsion system (HPS) that uses xenon gas. According to its major functions, the HPS can be divided into several sub-modules. This paper presents the development and qualification of the hall effect thruster propulsion subsystem that includes a xenon feed system (XFS). The xenon feed system regulates the pressure down from the xenon propellant tank and supplies the xenon flows to the anode and cathode. The technology and xenon feed system developed for the STSAT-3 spacecraft will also be applicable to a variety of future electronic propulsion systems and micro-satellites. Details related to the overall development and performance results of the HPS are presented in this paper.     

PR状态方程在超临界喷射模型中的应用

针对超临界流体物性的特殊性,对超临界喷射数值模拟方法进行研究。基于PR状态方程建立了考虑超临界流体特点的超临界喷射数值模型,并采用该模型对超临界C10H22喷射到超临界N2环境中的喷射进行了数值模拟。对比研究了采用PR状态方程的真实气体模型和理想气体模型得出的密度、温度、质量分数分布以及超临界喷射长度和喷射扩张角的变化规律和差异性,并与试验数据进行了对比。结果表明:2种模型在物性预测上的差异会造成以上喷射特性模拟结果的巨大差异,理想气体模型模拟结果与试验数据误差很大,利用真实气体模型能够得到与试验数据较为吻合的结果。基于PR状态方程的超临界喷射数值模型准确可靠,可为碳氢燃料的超临界喷射现象提供参考。     

旋流器型式对空气雾化喷嘴雾化特性影响规律

采用试验与数值计算相结合方法研究了不同旋流器型式对双旋流式空气雾化喷嘴喷雾特性的影响规律.采用粒子图像测速(PIV)测量了不同空气雾化喷嘴下游流场结构,并且采用高速摄影仪和激光粒度分析仪,对不同空气流量和燃油流量下的双级旋流空气雾化喷嘴的油雾场形态、索太尔平均直径(SMD)、Rosin-Rammler分布进行试验研究;...     

动力涡轮转子结构系统力学特性稳健设计方法

航空涡轴/涡桨发动机动力涡轮转子是典型多支点支承、具有连接界面、质量/刚度分布不均匀的高速柔性转子系统,其连接结构力学特性和支承刚度的分散性可导致转子系统动力特性恶化。针对典型动力涡轮转子结构系统,指出不可恢复滑移、疲劳、摩擦等连接界面接触损伤是连接结构力学特性产生分散性的内在原因,提出了接触状态系数、接触应力、不可恢复变形能和接触摩擦功等工程适用的定量评估参数。通过对多支点柔性转子-支承系统临界转速分布及其对各支点支承刚度敏感度的影响规律分析,提出了基于支承刚度低敏感区择优的动力特性稳健设计方法,所提方法提高了转子结构系统的稳健性。